The Impact of Conversion Practices on LGBTQ+ Mental Health: A Comprehensive Study
TOPLINE
Recent research has shed light on the detrimental effects of conversion practices aimed at altering gender identity or sexual orientation. A new study indicates that such practices are linked to heightened levels of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality among LGBTQ+ adults. This alarming correlation underscores the urgent need for awareness and action against these harmful practices.
METHODOLOGY
The study analyzed data from the PRIDE study, a significant US-based, online, prospective cohort study involving 4,426 adults, of whom 57% identified as cisgender and 43% as transgender or gender diverse. Participants completed two questionnaires that assessed their experiences with conversion practices and their mental health outcomes.
Mental health symptoms were evaluated using established scales: the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. The primary focus was on participants’ recollections of exposure to conversion practices targeting gender identity, sexual orientation, or both, compared to those who reported no exposure.
TAKEAWAY
The findings revealed that approximately 1% of participants recalled experiencing conversion practices targeting both gender identity and sexual orientation. This group exhibited significantly increased symptoms of depression (unstandardized difference [beta], 2.48; 95% CI, 0.26-4.78), PTSD (beta, 2.84; 95% CI, 0.94-4.74), and suicidality (beta, 2.14; 95% CI, 0.95-3.32).
Additionally, about 3.4% of participants reported only sexual orientation-related conversion practices, which were associated with increased PTSD symptoms (beta, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.22-1.98) and suicidality (beta, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.26-1.60). Similarly, around 1% recalled only gender identity-related conversion practices, correlating with heightened symptoms of depression (beta, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.03-5.46), PTSD (beta, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.06-4.34), and suicidality (beta, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.38-2.32).
Interestingly, cisgender participants who underwent both types of conversion practices exhibited a higher risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts (beta, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.42-4.97) compared to their transgender counterparts (beta, 0.98; 95% CI, −0.48 to 2.44).
IN PRACTICE
The implications of this study are profound. Lead author Nguyen K. Tran, PhD, from Stanford University School of Medicine, emphasized the ethical concerns surrounding conversion practices, stating, "Our findings add to a body of evidence that shows conversion practice is unethical and linked with poor mental health."
Tran advocates for educational initiatives targeting families, religious leaders, and mental health providers to foster understanding and support for LGBTQ+ individuals. Furthermore, establishing robust support networks for LGBTQ+ youth and implementing targeted mental health screenings can help identify and assist survivors of conversion practices.
SOURCE
This pivotal study was published online on September 30 in The Lancet Psychiatry, contributing significantly to the ongoing discourse surrounding the mental health of LGBTQ+ individuals and the harmful effects of conversion practices.
LIMITATIONS
While the study provides critical insights, it is essential to acknowledge its limitations. Potential recall bias may have influenced participants’ recollections of their experiences with conversion practices, leading to possible misclassification. Additionally, the analysis did not account for childhood factors, such as familial rejection of gender identity, which could have impacted mental health outcomes. The study’s nonprobability sampling methods may also limit the generalizability of the findings, as it might not encompass individuals whose mental health was most severely affected by conversion practices.
DISCLOSURES
The research was funded by the Gill Foundation, Dona Rockstand, and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. Several authors disclosed financial ties, advisory roles, or employment with various organizations, including pharmaceutical companies. Detailed disclosures are available in the original article.
This study serves as a crucial reminder of the ongoing challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals and the urgent need for societal change. By understanding the profound impact of conversion practices, we can work towards a more inclusive and supportive environment for all.
